Well-being decline could be an early indicator of dementia
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A recent study published in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry suggests that a decline in psychological well-being, particularly a lack of purpose and personal growth, may precede the onset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults.
MCI is often a precursor to dementia, and the study’s findings indicate that these psychological changes can occur years before any cognitive symptoms are apparent.
The research, conducted as part of the ongoing Rush Memory and Aging Project in the U.S., analysed data from 910 cognitively intact older adults with an average age of 79. Over 14 years, 265 participants developed MCI, with 34% of these cases progressing to dementia.
Participants who later developed MCI showed significant declines in psychological well-being—particularly in their sense of purpose and opportunities for personal growth—two to six years before their diagnosis. This decline was observed even after accounting for other factors like age, lifestyle, and social activity.
“Reduced psychological well-being even without apparent cognitive impairment may be a predictor of subsequent dementing disorders,” the researchers noted. They also highlighted that the decline in meaningful connections with others accelerated after an MCI diagnosis, potentially due to decreased social engagement as cognitive function deteriorates.
While the study is observational and cannot establish cause and effect, it raises important considerations for early identification and support strategies for those at risk of dementia. The researchers emphasise the need for psychological support for individuals diagnosed with MCI or other dementing disorders.
