Pioneer research leads to new insight into formation of the human embryo

The team of researchers discovered a unique regenerative property of cells in the early human embryo.

The first tissue to form in the embryo of mammals is the trophectoderm, which goes on to connect with the uterus and make the placenta. Previous research in mice found that trophectoderm is only made once.

In the new study, however, the research team found that human early embryos are able to regenerate trophectoderm. They also showed that human embryonic stem cells grown in the laboratory can similarly continue to produce trophectoderm and placental cell types.

These findings show unexpected flexibility in human embryo development and may directly benefit assisted conception (IVF) treatments. In addition, being able to produce early human placental tissue opens a door to finding causes of infertility and miscarriage.

The study is published in the leading international peer-review journal Cell Stem Cell on Wednesday, April 7th 2021.

Dr Ge Guo, lead author of the study from the Living Systems Institute said: “We are very excited to discover that human embryonic stem cells can make every type of cell required to produce a new embryo.”

Professor Austin Smith, Director of the Living Systems Institute and co-author of the study added, said: “Before Dr Guo showed me her results, I did not imagine this should be possible. Her discovery changes our understanding of how the human embryo is made and what we may be able to do with human embryonic stem cells”

Human naïve epiblast cells possess unrestricted lineage potential is published in Cell Stem Cell. The research was funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC).

Source: Materials provided by the University of Exeter. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Reference: Ge Guo, Giuliano Giuseppe Stirparo, Stanley E. Strawbridge, Daniel Spindlow, Jian Yang, James Clarke, Anish Dattani, Ayaka Yanagida, Meng Amy Li, Sam Myers, Buse Nurten Özel, Jennifer Nichols, Austin Smith. Human naive epiblast cells possess unrestricted lineage potential. Cell Stem Cell, 2021; DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.02.025